Hall and colleagues introduced the concept of “glucotypes” in a research article that has received enormous attention in the highest impact scientific journals, mostly in relation to precision medicine.
Several approaches to the subclassification of individuals with, or at high risk of, type 2 diabetes have been published recently. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.Ĭompeting interests: The authors have declared that no competing interest exists.Īlthough the promise of precision medicine has led to advances in the recognition and treatment of rare monogenic forms of diabetes, its impact on prevention and treatment of more common forms of diabetes has been underwhelming. The PRE-D Trial (NCT02695810) is funded by an unrestricted grant from the Novo Nordisk Foundation as an investigator-initiated study (K.F.), with further support from AstraZeneca AB, Ascensia Diabetes Care, the Danish Innovation Foundation, and the University of Copenhagen. (Gouda, The Netherlands), and Medtronic (Tolochenaz, Switzerland). (Alphen aan den Rijn, The Netherlands), Sanofi-Aventis Netherlands B.V. (Tilburg, The Netherlands), Novo Nordisk Farma B.V. The Maastricht Study was supported by the European Regional Development Fund via OP-Zuid, the Province of Limburg, the Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs (Grant 31O.041), Stichting De Weijerhorst (Maastricht, The Netherlands), the Pearl String Initiative Diabetes (Amsterdam, The Netherlands), the Cardiovascular Center (CVC, Maastricht, The Netherlands), CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases (Maastricht, The Netherlands), CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care (Maastricht, The Netherlands), NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (Maastricht, The Netherlands), Stichting Annadal (Maastricht, The Netherlands), Health Foundation Limburg (Maastricht, The Netherlands) and by unrestricted grants from Janssen-Cilag B.V.
with the Albert Renold Travel Fellowship to visit The Maastricht Study group in Maastricht, the Netherlands. The European Foundation for the Study of Diabetes (EFSD) supported A.H. acknowledges support by Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, which is partially funded by an unrestricted donation from the Novo Nordisk Foundation.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.įunding: A.H. Received: MaAccepted: FebruPublished: March 11, 2021Ĭopyright: © 2021 Hulman et al. PLoS Biol 19(3):Īcademic Editor: Jason W. (2021) Towards precision medicine in diabetes? A critical review of glucotypes. Citation: Hulman A, Foreman YD, Brouwers MCGJ, Kroon AA, Reesink KD, Dagnelie PC, et al.
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